Designing for Happiness: Interview with Pamela Pavliscak

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I recently met Pamela Pavliscak at the Push Conference in Munich, Germany, where I, as Pamela, had the fortunate chance of speaking.

Pamela is in a fascinating pursuit of figuring out the underlying formular of online happiness. It was hooked.

Through an elaborate online study of 8000 people on 300 sites, collecting 1000 diaries, interviewing 500, and socially listening to 50 brands, Pamela Pavliscak dug deep down into how and when we experience happiness when we are online.

She found that we tend to return to those sites we associate with happiness and also recommend them to others. She explained how happiness makes us feel connected, in control, entertained, challenged, informed, smart, inspired, and creative¹.

She describes 5 aspects of an experience we must consider as designers to help us create happy user experiences for our users:

Ease. Easy is the starting point – without easy, there is no happy. Allows users to feel a sense of autonomy, control, and mastery.
Trust. Trust is more than privacy and security settings. Trust is especially required with wearable devices as they become part of you. Authenticity, respect, and care are keywords for building trust.
Creativity. The more emotions people associate with an experience, the happier they will be. Design for play, discovery, serendipity, and maker moments.
Connection. Creating connections is not just about the number of the likes – it’s the meaning of likes. Let users feel a sense of belonging – of being like-minded and having a presence in the community.
Meaning & Growth. Combine pleasure and purpose to help people be more awesome at what they do. Design for the continued knowledge over time – for learning experiences.

After her talk, I had a chance to find out more. I asked Pamela a series of questions about her long and fascinating quest to figure out online happiness. You are in for a treat.

About Pamela Pavliscak

Pamela has spent the last 15 years of her life having conversations with people about technology. Not experts, not developers, not designers, not celebrities. People like you and me, who are living their lives, and trying to sort out how technology fits in when everything keeps changing.

Pamela collect stories about how people engage with technology. Her work is part ethnography, part data science, part behavioral psychology. Right now, that’s usually called UX.

When she is not running her company, Change Sciences, she has a busy schedule writing and speaking about people and technology.

It seems as if you are on a mission of making the web a happier place. How did this come about?

Pamela: Every day it seems like there is new research cropping up about how technology is making us miserable. Physically, we are stooped, our eyesight is fading, our sleep is disrupted. Emotionally, we are starting to seem like a bunch of disconnected, distracted, narcissistic shallow thinkers. That’s not what I signed up for.

Like most people working in technology, I’m optimistic about it. I really believe that technology can make us and our world a better place.

With some interest, I’d been following the new thinking around happiness. It’s not just smiles and cupcakes and lolcats. It’s a combination of small pleasures and higher purpose. That led me to look at the case for happiness in other spheres. Companies are starting to care about employee happiness. Countries are tracking national happiness as a counterpoint to the GDP. Big thinkers in behavioral economics are coming to the conclusion that money doesn’t mean happiness.

Right now, our design goals are conversion, which is money, and attention, which is also money. What if our goals went beyond that? A lot of people may think that is crazy, I suppose. But what if we started to care about the whole person at the other side of the screen or the device? Our practice is already grounded in empathy, but can we break down what that really means and make it a measurable goal?

Every day it seems like there is new research cropping up about how technology is making us miserable.

Pamela Pavliscak

You set up a quite elaborate research study to discover what experiences bring us the most joy. Can you briefly explain your setup?

Pamela: I knew that if it was possible to research all the negatives, it must be possible to research the positives. I also knew as a researcher that it would be difficult to get at emotions, especially positive emotions, since people tend to have a negative bias when they remember their technology experiences. When technology is working well, it is invisible, or a means to an end.

Working in design, we actually share this bias. We work with more of a disease model. We take a “sick” interface, diagnose the problems through observation or data collection or discussion, prescribe solutions, and then, maybe if we have time, give out a lollipop at the end in the form of a cute mascot or a cheeky error message.

Even though I followed the lead of happiness researchers in other fields, looking to global happiness and happiness at work for study design and looking to data science for tracking tools and algortihms and looking to positive psychology for models, I had to get creative. I started out with an online study, partly to try out an in-house tool we were developing at Change Sciences. Like most research, that opened up new questions. So I followed up with diaries, interviews, and social listening to get at what happiness really means when it comes to technology.

In short, happiness is about amplifying human abilities, fostering new and deep connections, and challenging ourselves to grow.

Pamela Pavliscak

What was your main finding?

Pamela: Truly, our happiness online in many ways mirrors our happiness offline. It’s built on feelings of trust and autonomy. We want deeper and more nuanced connections to each other, our communities, and the the world. We want to challenge ourselves to grow in new ways. And we want to feel creative. I think this is a special feature of tech happiness. I wonder if technology doesn’t feel intrinsically creative because if nothing else, it is always the new next thing.

In short, happiness is about amplifying human abilities, fostering new and deep connections, and challenging ourselves to grow. The best experience with technology open up these possibilities.

What characterizes a happy experience online?

Pamela: A happy experience is not so much about a playful animation or clever copy. These can just as easily annoy or distract as they can bring a moment of delight. A magical moment can add to an experience, but only if it ’s meaningful.

At the heart of a happy experience is that certain something that goes beyond a person in the moment, face-to-face with a screen (for now), interacting. It always ties to something bigger. A better version of themselves, an authentic connection, an engaging challenge.

I was a little surprised that a happy experience is often linked to a negative experience.

Pamela Pavliscak

I was a little surprised that a happy experience is often linked to a negative experience. Embracing the hard stuff, the vulnerable moments, an authentic self and feeling like that’s OK is at the heart of most happy moments. Happiness online is not smooth and invisible, it actually can be a little awkward.

What can we do as designers to craft an experience that brings more happiness?

Pamela: One thing we can do is change how we measure success. Rather than measuring success solely by attention, we need to consider to other possibilities. Satisfaction doesn’t quite get us there either. It’s more reasoned and logical and distanced than happiness.

Measuring emotion is a start, but it’s also hard. I think it means getting even more creative about how we measure. Rather than looking a small, immediate goal, like finding a flight or getting a good rate on a mortgage, we should be looking for measures that tie to bigger goals. We should be concerned with making a good decision or creating a real-life support network rather than interacting with a product. We are bigger than our interacting selves. Companies like Intuit, Medium, and Couchsurfer are already experimenting with these kinds of measures.

It’s time to rethink the models we are using. For example, when people in my diary study talked about moments of authentic or deep connection it was never a Facebook like or a comment option. We have features and conventions we rely on, but these still may not really address that big goal.

We are bigger than our interacting selves. [...] It’s time to rethink the models we are using.

Pamela Pavliscak

In your talk, you made an interesting point about how the peak-end rule does not apply to online experiences. What did you find?

Pamela: In one phase of my research, I had people draw their happy moments with technology. Of course, the first thing I learned is that it’s incredibly hard for people to come up with these moments. The next thing I learned is that all the details we designers and developers obsess over are lost. That made me a little sad, actually.

We don’t remember the details. Or we remember just a very few, the bad moments or the intensely happy peaks. Most of all, we remember the feeling we took away from the experience. And that feeling seems to then become deeply embedded in beginnings. Many people drew the app icon or the first authenticated page or even a login page. That beginning unlocks a whole world of possibilities. It is a symbol of all their expectations.

Endings were not something people remembered. In follow-up interviews, these were not the emotional moments. There is often no clear ending to an experience. You finish a purchase and you are off to the next thing. You are done with banking, you don’t even log off. You start a playlist and it just goes in the background. Since many experiences blur the boundaries of offline and online, that makes endings even harder to identify.

So, we have been right to pay attention to beginnings, but there is more work to do to understand what kind of emotional blueprint each experience leaves behind and how that factors in to anticipation.

Thank you Pamela

It’s been a pleasure. I look forward to following your work at Change Sciences.

Watch Pamela's talk

If you’re interested in knowing more, then you should spend 45 minutes watching Pamela’s talk at the Push Conference 2015

Sources

¹ The Science of Happy Design – Pamela’s talk at SXSW 2015

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